“Unprecedented” Emergency in Nigeria

As you might have noticed, there has not been a new post lately on The Pollution Blog.  Part of the reason is that I have been busy with the recent and ongoing lead poisoning emergency in Nigeria.

This is a crisis beyond words. News reports have called the tragedy “unprecedented.” Over 150 children have died  – about 70 reportedly from one village alone – one-third of that village’s child population.  More deaths are likely.

At the request of the Nigerian authorities, Blacksmith is leading the urgent cleanup. We are working with the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Doctors Without Borders, and local authorities to avert a catastrophe — we are racing against time to do as much as they can before the rains arrive in July, making cleanup even more difficult in this remote, rural region.

Blacksmith experts have been on the ground for the past few weeks.  We have trained hundreds of local villagers to do cleanup.  The work is a tough, slow process – we have been removing contaminated soil by hand using hoes and shovels.  We have also been using large earth moving equipment to dig protected landfills.  Currently we are removing toxic lead from houses and compounds in just two of the worst affected villages.  At least five more villages await help but may not receive it because of a lack of funds.

Because work needs to be done so quickly, the situation is desperate.  Our team on the ground needs reinforcements. Our emergency funds are running low and we fear cleanup work will soon have to stop.  We have raised about $20,000 needed for immediate, emergency cleanup but another $30,000 is needed.

Word about this tragedy has already reached the world over the last week.  We have spoken with CNN, BBC, Wall Street Journal, Reuters, the Associated Press, Public Radio International and a host of other news organizations about what is happening on the ground. (Read the reports in our special alert about the emergency in Nigeria). We will post updates as we get them on Facebook and Twitter.

Lead poisoning is one of the world’s worst pollution problems.  Last year, Blacksmith had to do emergency cleanup in Senegal when 18 children died of lead poisoning (in that case it was from the improper recycling of used car batteries, not the processing of lead ore for gold in Nigeria).  Whatever the source, lead is a killer that we encounter over and over again in the developing world.  In poor communities, where there are few alternatives to making a living wage, the lure of gold is understandable.  The community in Nigeria is not to blame for the deadly contamination. Instead, they must be offered alternatives or be taught how to extract gold in a way that is safe for all, especially their children. In Nigeria, processing work has been moved away from homes.  This is a good start. Now cleanup must continue, and then education.

Learn how you can help and spread the word.

Get The Lead Out

Lead expert Jack Caravanos conducts a simple blood test for lead

Lead expert Jack Caravanos conducts a simple blood test for lead

A few days ago, we held our special Earth Day event– “Get the Lead Out”–at Rockefeller Plaza in NYC to raise funds and awareness of lead pollution and poisoning around the world.

Everyone who came was offered a free and simple test to measure their blood lead level.  I was among the first to get tested and this was my reading…3.8 µg/dL. [see how a lead test is done].

At 3.8, I was amongst the highest of those tested at the event (not counting the guest who touched a lead sample before getting tested, resulting in a temporary 9.9  µg/dL reading – which is still below the WHO safety level, I might add.) But our results from the group were fine – The WHO safety level is 10 µg/dL and levels above 70 are considered medical emergencies.

Almost everyone else at the event registered an “undetectable.”  This is the happy result of 40 years of Earth Day’s awareness and action.

Now, to give you some food for thought, here are some specific lead test numbers we found in some of the worst lead-polluted sites around the world.

Haina, in the Dominican Republic:  230 µg/dL

Dakar, Senegal – 158 µg/dL

La Oroya, Peru  – 45 µg/dL

Rudnaya Pristan, Russia – 75 µg/dL

How do you think your lead level will compare to the numbers above?

Finally, a big THANK YOU to everyone who came to the “Get the Lead Out” event and generously pledged their support for our cleanup projects around the world. Photos to come.

Earth Day in the Developing World

It has been 40 years since the very first Earth Day. No doubt, things have changed for the better, at least here in the U.S. Our environment is much cleaner, and life-threatening pollution of the kind brought to light by Erin Brockovich (chromium-contaminated water) are few and far between. Instead, much of the talk these days about the environment in this country focuses on carbon emissions and long-term goals. It has taken us 40 years to get to this point. But in the developing world, it is still Day 1 in the fight for a cleaner environment.

In poor countries across the globe, the environment is still being used and abused, pushed to the limits by economic pressures as countries play catch up in the global marketplace. The trade-off? Polluted air, water and land, and a global public health crisis that is affecting millions in the developing world. While we cannot expect emerging economies to abandon their economic needs for a cleaner environment, we can help them in a number of ways, most notably by offering filtering technologies to curb pollution, and to clean up what’s already been dumped into the environment. It took us 40 years to learn to do this. Now we can pass the know-how along.

This Earth Day, what is life like in the developing world? This special Earth Day video–”The Story of Lead”–takes you through four countries to show you what is being done about lead pollution–one of the world’s worst pollution problems.

In Haina in the Dominican Republic, many children show signs of lead poisoning.

In Rudnaya Pristan in Eastern Russia, lead is prevalent and many have a casual attitude about the toxin. Our coordinator in Russia recalls staff of a local hospital telling him: “Lead poisoning? Nothing serious! We sometimes operate on people with AIDS without gloves.”

In Senegal, lead in the ground, water and air killed 15 children in 2008 and more are at risk.

In Mexico, a Blacksmith team member recalls finding a pot of food contaminated with lead, but being unable to persuade the family to throw it away. Sometimes, filling empty bellies take precedence.

As we celebrate 40 years of Earth Day, let’s remember that in some places, it is still just Day 1.

Interested in being a part of our Earth Day 2010 campaign?

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Report from Ghana’s Agbogbloshie E-Wasteland

This week, I will hand this space off to Jack Caravanos, a member of Blacksmith’s Technical Advisory Board and a leading expert in lead pollution/contamination. Jack is part of part of a project in Ghana jointly funded by Blacksmith and CUNY, in partnership with Green Advocacy Ghana, the Ghana Heath Ministry and the Ghana EPA.

I recently returned from the notorious Agbogbloshie recyclers market in Central Accra and all the reports you may have read about this place is true. Where else in the world can you find people dismantling computers, automobile engines, refrigerators and the like mixed in with a wholesale vegetable market, dozens of food vendors, a large mosque and the infamous copper wire burning site, which produces large volumes of toxic black smoke that lingers in the air all day. All this happening in what appears to be a random, chaotic structure (while there are no streets, vendor signs or directory, it is actually quite well organized and profitable to the vendors.)

The visual impacts are diverse and overwhelming: [watch video here]

- Women pounding yams and cassava into the food staple, Fu-Fu, all day long to feed workers and family.

- Boys of all ages scavenging the ashes at the “burn sites” with their hands and a small metal blade looking for iron, aluminum and copper remnants to sell.

- Young girls selling bags of water to both quench the burning metal and provide nourishment to the workers in the scorching sun and heat.

- Young men manually lifting automobile and truck engines onto wagons that carry them to the unregulated dismantlers, leaking motor oil throughout the market

- Young girls doing laundry in large pots with no central drainage.

- Hundreds of men pounding gears, computers, motors, with handmade chisels attempting to separate the valuable from the waste.

- On top of all this, add the ever-present black smoke from burning plastic. Its distinct odor mixed in with the sewage gases emanating from the Odaw River nearby.

Everywhere you look you see pieces of circuit boards, televisions, refrigerators, irons, etc. The toxic chemicals released are spread throughout the area when it rains and of course spread to the homes each evening. What especially troubled me was the path of the toxic smoke that floats right into the food market. So whatever doesn’t get into your lungs can now settle onto the food supply of Accra. Agbogbloshie is a large thriving recyclers market but has major environmental health problems.

Workers and residents know the issues, the problems, the risks, but there are no simple solutions. One thing is for sure: the market cannot and will not close.

Often science is needed to affect policy change, meaning we need data. Together with two graduate students from the City University of New York School of Public Health and tremendous support from our partners in the Ministry and Green Advocacy, I conducted two days of sampling at the site. We sampled worker’s breathing zones and ambient air for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acid gas, heavy metals, VOCs and particulates. Lab results are pending but preliminary observations indicate serious chemical exposure to the toxic plumes associated with burning plastic covered wires to expose recyclable copper.

We spoke with workers and asked them how we can help. Stopping the burning is an obvious solution but raises other difficult problems. We are all working to identify short-term interventions and long-term solutions to this serious urban environmental health problem.

– Jack.

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Better Living Through Green Chemistry

Finally the drumbeat is getting louder on the issue of environmental toxins and I say it is about time.

Last month, NYT’s Nicholas Kristof wrote an op-ed on the link between autism (and other diseases) and environmental toxins.  Now, Time magazine has a great piece on Environmental Toxins — The Perils of Plastic.

Blacksmith Technical Advisory Board member Dr. Philip Landrigan was quoted in the Time piece saying, “We don’t give environmental exposure the attention it deserves… But there’s an emerging understanding that kids are uniquely susceptible to environmental hazards.”

This is an issue that Blacksmith knows full well.  We see it first hand in our cleanups around the world. While the threat of toxins here are “invisible,” hidden in products like plastics, perfumes, etc., in the developing world it attacks in its rawest form. Chemicals are dumped into rivers and spew from factories.

As scientists learn more about what small doses can do to the human body, the jury is already out on what large doses do.  They poison.  And that is what is happening today in the developing world.

The solution, the Time piece says, may well be Green chemistry, “in which chemicals are designed in a way that minimizes hazardous risk from the start.”

That would be a good start.  But until we have green chemistry, the answer in the developing world is toxic cleanup.

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Pink Crocodiles and the New Front Against Pollution in India

Jairam Ramesh, Richard Fuller, speaking in India

Jairam Ramesh, Richard Fuller, speaking in India

I just returned from India last week, where I heard about crocodiles that have reportedly turned pink, and whose tongues have gone white because of dyes polluting the rivers.  I also heard about workers making bangles who contract cancer after just two years on the job.

These stories are not entirely new to me as Blacksmith has been working on pollution cleanup in India for quite some time now.  In fact, in Noraiakheda, we also encountered people with hands probably as pink as the crocodiles. But the big difference I am sensing now is that support for pollution cleanup is the strongest it has ever been in India.

I was in India to speak at a conference, along with Jairam Ramesh, the Indian Minister for the Environment and Forests, who laid out his vision for a pollution-free India. The Minister has decided to make cleanup a priority in his country and we are excited at the prospect of being India’s strategic partner in this area.

In the audience were industry leaders, environmentalists and policy makers – all eager to launch a new front against pollution – together! The Minister also announced the pending formation of a National Green Tribunal and the India National Environment Protection Authority, similar to the EPA in the U.S.

Good things are happening in India.

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Read All About it – God’s Paradise Starts to Shed World’s Worst Polluted Label

“God’s Paradise Will be Removed from World’s Worst Polluted Places”

Declared Green Zone at God’s Paradise – Happiness Where There Was Once Contamination.

Park Provides Health at God’s Paradise

These local headlines tell the story. Twelve days ago, Paraíso de Dios, or God’s Paradise, got a new park. Everybody was at the grand opening – local officials, ministers, families and the local press. Children played, women danced. It was festive.

Why so much rejoicing over a new park? Well, because the park represents a fresh start for the community plagued with an extraordinarily high level of lead contamination.

The park was once a highly polluted plot of land. Just running around barefoot could get children poisoned. Whereas the soil used to contain 11,400 to 463,970 parts per million of lead, it now tests at only 10 to 300 parts per million of lead after Blacksmith-led cleanup efforts. This is a level considered safe in the U.S.

Blacksmith Technical Advisory Board member Dr. Ian von Lindern was there to witness the celebration and to push through further cleanup efforts. After all, the park is only the start of what the local press have been calling the “green zone.”

Dr. von Lindern told me that the Mayor of Haina, where God’s Paradise is located, has agreed to continue working with us. The successful cleanup has energized everyone. A Blacksmith team is scheduled to return to the Dominican Republic in the next six weeks to begin planning the remaining cleanup and to continue testing children for lead.

Today a park, tomorrow the entire city. Slowly, God’s Paradise is moving away from the label of “Dominican Chernobyl” and closer to its namesake.

It’s amazing what a clean park can do for a community.

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Off to India to Speak about Pollution and Economic Development

I am heading off to India, today, where I will be the keynote speaker at a gathering about toxic pollution, cleanup and economic development.  I believe this session will spark increasing cleanup efforts in India because of the presenting parties involved — the Aspen Institute India, the Confederation of Indian Industry and the World Wildlife Fund.  This shows that government officials, industry leaders and NGOs are now interested in working together to solve this problem and that is key to getting things done.

While I will talk about why toxic pollution cleanup is important, the Indian Minister of State for Environments and Forests will outline the government’s initiatives for dealing with the issue.  On a global scale, toxic cleanup gets very little attention.  India, which harbors several polluted hotspots, is beginning to realize that cleanup is key to continued economic development — good for business, good for people.  After years of working in India, we have built up a lot of support for pollution cleanup.  Interest in the issue is now the strongest it has ever been.

“The Invisible Pollution That’s Poisoning People Silently” will take place in New Delhi this Friday, March. 12.

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Environmental Toxins, Autism and Cancer

Did you see Nicholas Kristof’s op-ed in yesterday’s New York Times on the link between autism (and other diseases like cancers) and environmental toxins?  Kristof points to concern about American’s using plastic containers to microwave food, and using products with toxic phthalates like fragrances, cosmetics and shampoos.  All this makes sense.  But how about the men, women and children half a world away who are regularly exposed to levels of toxins far beyond what’s permissible in the U.S.?

The problem is the same.  Its just the scale that’s wildly different.  Pregnant women and children in the developing world in many places are exposed to levels of lead, mercury, cadmium, solvents and other pollutants that cause death and disease that are hundreds, and sometimes thousands of times above safe levels.  They need help removing the toxins that contaminate their communities.

Karti (Karti Sandilya – the former Director General of the Asian Development Bank) and I have just come back from Europe (Sweden, Switzerland and the UK) where we met with governments, WHO, and the United Nations Environment Programme. We have strong partners for our planned Health and Pollution Fund, getting closer to finding global solutions to these problems.

By the way, Kristof’s article refers to the work of Dr. Philip J. Landrigan, a great Blacksmith friend and one of the leading voices in children’s health. When we profiled Dr. Landrigan in our January newsletter, we asked him what he thought was the most important thing people could do to save the planet.  His answer was “protect children from toxic environments.”  What a great guy.

(If you want to read more about the damaging effects of contaminants,  see my earlier post on Pollution and Vaccines, and Pollution, Poverty and the IQ Connection.)

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Innovations and Collaborations this September

I am glad to report that the Rockefeller Foundation has invited us back to the Bellagio Center in Italy this September to reconvene the next international meeting about the Health and Pollution Fund (HPF) – the planned $500 million public health fund to support global pollution cleanup.

The Bellagio Center has served as a launching pad for many groundbreaking international efforts, just as it did three years ago with the HPF.  Then, the HPF was just an idea.  Today, it is well on its way to becoming a reality.

Our 2007 meeting produced the Bellagio Principles, which spelled out the scope of the global pollution problem and the steps that must be taken by the international community.

Blacksmith will be cosponsoring the September meeting with the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank.  Attendees will include senior representatives from a host of countries, the international development community, and leading researchers and scientist from the public health and pollution remediation fields.  We will discuss and exchange ideas about the cleanup of highly polluted sites in the developing world and push forward the HPF effort.

This September, I feel, will mark a milestone in the creation of the HPF.  When people come together, good things happen.

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